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In general habit that often becomes a problem is habit of eating in the canteen or shop around the school and fast food eating habits. Snack foods sold by street vendors in the streets and crowded places Another common eaten or consumed without processing or further preparation.

Pavement hawker can solute challenge the community to cheap food,
easy, interesting and varied. School children generally ¼ daily time spent in school. A research in Jakarta recently found that pocket money
217 child average schools now ranges between 2$ -
4$ per day. Some even reaching 7$. Approximately 5%
these children bring lunch from home.

They more exposed on the sidewalk hawker food and have
the ability to buy food. Interestingly, pavement hawker food energy intake contributes to the school children as much as 36%, protein 29% and 52% iron.
Because it can be understood an important role hawker food foot five on growth and school performance of school children. However, these snacks security both in terms of microbiological or chemical is still questionable. In
study conducted in Bogor (indonesia) has been found in Salmonella
paratyphi type A in 25% – 50% sample of beverages sold in pavement.

Another study conducted a study in institutions East Jakarta area revealed that the types of snacks often consumed by school children is rice, snack,
knew fried, noodles meatballs with sauce, sticky rice uli, ice syrup,
and cilok.

Based on lab tests, the brains and meatballs found borax, knowing yellow noodles fried and soaked in formalin, and the red syrup ice rhodamin positive for B.
In addition to microbiological contamination, chemical contamination of public found on the sidewalk hawker food is the use of food additives (BTP) illegal like:
- Borax (coagulate containing heavy metals Boron)
- Formalin (preservatives used for the body)
- Rhodamin B (red dye on the textile)
- Methanil yellow (the yellow dye on the textile).

These materials can be accumulated in the human body and which are carcinogenic in the long run lead such diseases include: cancer and tumors in
human organs. Later also revealed that the reaction besides certain foods it may affect the function of brain including behavioral disorders in school children. Disturbance behavior include: sleep disturbance, concentration problems, emotional disorders, hyperactivity and aggravate symptoms in
Autism sufferers. The influence of short-term use of this BTP cause the very common symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or bowel trouble.

Most of the food sold by street vendors generally do not well prepared and clean. Most vendors have low knowledge about the handling safe food, they also have less access to clean water and washing facilities and trash.

Occurrence of foodborne diseases at the hawker street vendors
may be contamination from raw materials, unhealthy foods, or equipment that is less clean, also time and temperature of storage is not appropriate.

Many cases of food poisoning toll. Victim was lying in pain after eating small meals to be taken to the hospital. Usut got investigate, food they eat small poison was laced with cyanide. Case kind of food poisoning that may be spelled form “accidents” that often happens.

Weddings, birthdays, providing food for employees of a company, etc.. are some other examples activities involving vulnerable suspected food poisoning. In other words, the provision of food in the amount of as do large catering companies, restaurants, and the food industry, raises potential toxicity problems. If the poisoning cases, losses will happen to many parties.
Consumers have pain. Even at-risk groups high as toddlers, elderly, or sick people can be risky death. Meanwhile food producer or provider will suffered a decrease, or loss, consumer confidence. The culprit variety of authentic food poisoning clinical symptoms or health problems due to eating
toxin-contaminated food. Can be derived from materials chemical, food natural toxins, or microorganisms. If there due to chemicals, it is usually because of carelessness or intentional. Material including cyanide, pesticides
Excessive use of agricultural products, and chemicals households. Foods that have kept the sononya toxins can also cause poisoning. Usually due processing or less perfect or pemasakannya consumed raw.

Example,
• Cassava and its leaves contain substances amidalin. sianidanya acid can be separated from bonds so can cause cyanide poisoning.
• Seed jengkol jengkol acidic soluble difficult water.
• Potatoes with poison solanine can cause symptoms
vomiting, diarrhea, headache, abdominal pain, and body weak.
• Microorganisms that contaminate food with acting how to remove toxins (bacterial food poisoning) or infects the digestive tract (food bacterial infection). Clostridium botulinum is an example of microorganisms that
poison by poison out.

Patients these toxins are generally attacked died due to difficulties
breathing. These bacteria are often found in canned food that is damaged, for example swollen cans, rusty, leak, the seal is broken, its contents swell, smell, or unnatural color. Also the cocovenans Pseudomonas produce toxins in
Staphylococcus aureus toxins on the issue high protein foods (meat, eggs, milk, fish) and food prepared in large quantities. While
that infects the digestive tract of Salmonella sp., The cause of salmonellosis. One can this disease when suffering from illness or as a carriers (career).

Food is often contaminated with salmonella include meat or processed products, eggs cracked, and food stored pa-da temperatures from 10 to 60 degrees C (danger zone). Do not ignore personal hygiene.

There are six steps to prevent such poisonings promoted MOH. Not just for
industrial sector, but can also for the household level.
The move was started from
1. The selection of food
2. Storage of raw foods
3. Food processing
4. Food storage
5. Transportation
6. Presentation.
All it aims to provide healthy and safe food consumed, by emphasizing the importance of hygiene and sanitation. Usually, food is divided into two types:
that is not easily damaged and durable, and easy damaged. Lasting usually purchased in large quantities and stored in inventory. Meanwhile perishables
more frequently purchased impromptu. When this stage of election spending
began to be food. Material selection will be more effective when purchased in limited quantities. Especially for food easily damaged, a better selection process conducted during processing. Then the food selection is not easily damaged done during storage. Which is not good removed so as not to contaminate other foods situate good.

Grocery store that is not easy damaged and are easily damaged also need to be distinguished. A damaged easily stored in the refrigerator or refrigerated warehouse. Durable enough to be placed in storage materials used or closet
food. What is important, rat-free place, implement the principle of FIFO (first in first out), easy to clean, and placement separated from chemicals.
The third step, the processing of food to food ready to eat, which is one of the critical points poisoning. Many cases of poisoning occur because workers
pengolahnya no attention to hygiene and sanitation.

Trivial matter such as nail hygiene, work clothes, and hair often overlooked, yet can be fatal. Behavior less well, kind of smoking during food processing, do not wash hands after the bathroom, and still process food
although in a state of increasing risk of illness poisoning. After processing, the food is generally stored more first, and then transported to be served. Contamination in last three stages can be extremely dangerous, because food
already in a state ripe or ready to eat. Especially for the house, be careful with the food half-cooked. Do never store it in municipal simply because
think will be cooked again. It could be the temperature for heating a half-cooked food is not enough to kill germs. So, better food store and a half
cooked in a covered container to avoid contamination.

Healthy body should be supported by a balanced diet and complete nutritional support in the right proportions and supported by a healthy lifestyle and good. The food is good and healthy not have to be expensive, and not only uncontaminated source of the disease, or good to eat, but it is also very important that the food must contain a substance the body needs, such as carbohydrates, fat, protein, minerals, vitamins, water, and others. Also how
cooking is also worth noting that contained no nutrients damaged or lost in vain because of the way cooked.

In order for nutrition intact recommended cooking boiled way, teams, steamed,
and stir-fry or directly engulfed or in juice. Should reduce fried foods and foods that are burned or baking because it will produce substances that are not good
for the body. Fried food with a high temperature heating especially the use of cooking oil used repeatedly to produce trans fats or lipid peroxides that are harmful to health. As for the burned food let alone to burning can produce substances that are carcinogens.

Nutritious food consumption balanced and appropriate needs of the body, such as natural food ingredients such as vegetables and fruits, will be very beneficial for health. In Generally the human appetite for food is more directed to
smell and taste, while nutrition is a consideration that further consideration when the nutrients in a type of food is needed, seeing the importance of nutrition for
health, and should not be neglected in the consumption daily food.

Consumption of food with a menu of “healthy four-five perfect “as a guideline for the achievement of revenue nutrition optimal. Optimal nutrition is the quantity of nutrients and sufficient quality so that the body is in good condition
and healthy. Nutrient intake from food is divided into a limits the maximum rate limit and the minimum rate limit. If nutritional intake is less than the minimum threshold, will arise malnutrition problems, such as lack of vitamin A causes
visual impairment, lack of iron causes anemia, and others. Similarly, the maximum rate limit, nor be exceeded, due to problems such as excess weight loss (obesity), high uric acid, high cholesterol, ext.

In this modern era of diet trends very practical and the instant that developed in the community such as fast food and food preservation. Food is generally have low nutritional value, containing fat saturated high cholesterol, high salt and low in fiber. By nature Such foods must be preserved and not so fast
healthy body, so if too often consumed may trigger the emergence of various diseases such as obesity , cholesterol and high triglycerides, hypertension,
atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke, and others. To
prevent and overcome obesity, many people diet. Improper diet such as eliminating milk at all can lead to calcium deficiency, even though the body
human needs approximately 500-1000 mg of calcium per day.

A study shows one in five people who perform osteoporosis diet. But now
has many low-fat dairy products containing high calcium, so the diet does not have to set aside the milk. Other foods containing high calcium are: fish
anchovies, sardines, and so on. To avoid obesity should avoid excessive consumption of fat. Consumption fat should not be eliminated but is limited in accordance with the the body needs about 30% of caloric needs. Fat
needed by the body as an energy source than carbohydrates, especially a source of fat containing unsaturated fatty acids single rich in omega-9 and works down bad cholesterol (LDL) and high triglycerides. While fat
health hazard that is fatty acid saturated fat, trans fat and high cholesterol, such as the found in fatty meats, offal (intestines, tripe, lung, ext), and so on.

Towards healthy foods and avoid the various diseases such as narrowing of blood vessels (atherosclerosis), coronary heart disease, stroke and cancer in particular, in addition to reducing fatty foods, should also consume a lot
foods that contain lots of vitamins and high fiber vegetables and fresh fruits that contain mainly source of antioxidants such as carrots, broccoli, spinach, kale,
celery, yellow squash, eggplant, tomatoes, oranges, mango, papaya, cherry,
and others. Content of carotenoids in carrots (beta-carotene), tomatoes (lycopene), spinach, broccoli and more efficacious as antioxidants that fight free radicals cause cancer, too nutritious boost immunity and prevent
aging. Fresh fruit is a source of vitamin C, where vitamin C also acts as an antioxidant, increases endurance, and speed healing. Also
encouraged to consume whole grains and nuts such as soybean, bean sprouts, cereals, and others.

In grains and nuts are contained vitamin E are also functions as an antioxidant that reduces the risk of cancer. Also, be aware of food consumption balanced and should not be too full, food should be diverse, less salt, avoid foods that
too spicy, and food preservation. Also avoid smoking and alcoholic beverages.

The disease is caused by the consumption of vitamin A deficiency in the body. The symptoms of this disease is a drought epithelium eyeball and cornea, because the secretion of tear gland (lacrimalis) decreased.

Membrane visible wrinkles and bolamata faded when the eyeball moves. Reduced eye function hemeralopia or nictalpia, which the layman is called blind twilight or night blindness, unable to see the light remangremang.

At an advanced stage mengoreng eyes, because selselnya the so-called soft and can keratomalasia cause blindness.

The function of vitamin A actually includes 3 functions, namely: the function
in the process of seeing, in the process of metabolism, and the process reproduction. Disorders resulting from deficiencies vitamin A prominent, especially in Indonesia is disruption in the process of seeing this zerophthalmia called.

Therefore, prevention of deficiency of vitamin deficiency A key here is aimed at the prevention of blindness in children under five. Zerophthalmia reduction programs aimed at children under five with vitamin A is free of charge through the health center and / or integrated health. Besides
that prevention programs can be done through counseling nutrition of the food-nutritious foods, particular foods as a source of vitamins.

Anemia occurs because the consumption of iron (Fe) on
body is not balanced, or less than the body needs. Mikroelemen that iron is essential for the body, which is needed in the formation of blood, namely in
hemoglobin (Hb). In addition, Fe is also necessary to the formation of the compound coenzyme enzyme activist.

Iron (Fe) is more easily absorbed by the small intestine in the form of Ferro.
This absorption has set autoregulation mechanism by ferritin levels found in the mucosal cells of the intestine.

Fe in good condition, only about 10% just from the fe contained in food is absorbed into the intestinal mucosa. Fe excretion is through the skin, in the parts body very small amounts. While the women more Fe excretion through menstrual blood. By Hence, the need Fe in adult women, more
compared with the men. In pregnant women need Fe increase as the baby also requires Fe. Fe deficiency anemia iron in large amounts Indonesia
that has become a public health problem.

Iron anemia prevention programs, especially for mothers pregnancy was done through the provision Fe freely through the health center or integrated health

This disease occurs an imbalance between calorie consumption and energy needs, which are too excessive calorie consumption compared with the need or use of energy.
Excess energy in the body is stored in the form of  fat. In the state of normal, fatty tissue is dumped in certain places them in the subcutaneous tissue,
and in the intestinal tissue curtains. Someone said to suffer obese if their weight in men exceeds 15% and in women more than 20% of ideal body weight according age. In obese people are the organs body is forced to work harder, because it must carrying excess weight. Therefore, the generally faster hot, tired, and have tendency to make mistakes in work.

As a result of this obesity disease, sufferers tend suffering from diseases: cardiovascular, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Ideal body weight in adults according to

Dubois formula is:  B (kg) = (T -100 cm) + 10%

Description:
B = ideal body weight
T = Height

By the nutrition, University of Indonesia Faculty of Medicine,
made corrections as follows:

B (kg) = ((TCM – 100) – 10%) + 10%

Example: The Ali (adult) height was measured 160 meters, then
Ali ideal weight is between 54 kilograms to 66
kilograms (54 pounds lowest, highest 66 kg). If adults who are 160 cm tall, with weight in under 54 kg, so he is less nutrition, and if more than 66 kg, he
including obesity (overweight).

The cause of obesity
Please note clearly that obesity is caused food too much. Why would someone eat too many? Descent problem may be one
cause. Therefore the newborns of the two people that obesity has a 90 percent chance for obesity as well. Their digestive organs are often more
efficient than ordinary people, so just a little food is sufficient to meet the needs of his body, because excess nutrients causing the accumulation of fat.

Losses obesity
Let’s look at things that hurt you if you are overweight.
Summary is as follows:
1. Psychological burden
2. Adding blood pressure
3. Adding hypercholesterolemia
4. Increase the likelihood of diabetes
5. Adding the risk of cancer
6. Adding the risk of death
7. Adding the risk of coronary artery disease.

Consumption on a person’s diet can determine the achievement levels of health, or often called nutritional status. If the body is in optimum health level, where saturated the network by all the nutrients, so-called nutritional status optimum.

In such conditions the body free from disease and has an endurance setingi-high. If consumption on a person’s diet is not balanced with the need
body, there will be errors due to nutrition (malnutrition).

Malnutrition includes excess nutrients is called nutrient more (overnutrition), and malnutrition or lack of nutrition (undernutrition).

Some of the causes of malnutrition
In 1988, UNICEF, one of the United Nations agencies organizations
specializing in the field of child welfare has develop a conceptual framework to improve nutrition. Deep framework is shown that the lack of nutrition can
caused by:

1.  Direct Cause: Food and the disease can bedirect causes less nutrition. The emergence of less nutrition not only due to the lack of food intake, but also disease. Children who get enough to eat but often suffer from pain, can eventually suffer lack of nutrition. Similarly, in children who do not get enough to eat, the body resistance will weakened and susceptible to disease.

2.  Indirect Causes: There are 3 causes not directly which causes less nutrition, namely:
1)  Food security is inadequate families.
Each family is expected to be able to meet the food needs of all family members in pretty good amount and quality of nutrients.
2) pattern of inadequate parenting.
Each family and society is expected to provide time, attention, and support for children growing up to be well physically, mental and social.
3) environmental health services and inadequate.
Healthcare system that is expected to be ensure the provision of clean water and service facilities basic health care affordable for every family
need.
These three factors are related to the level of education, knowledge and skills of the family. Higher level education, knowledge and skills, the better the level of family food security, better parenting it will be more and more families are using health services.

The disease is less calories and protein
This disease occurs due to an imbalance between consumption calories or carbohydrates and protein to energy needs, causing a deficiency or a deficit of energyand proteins. This disease generally occurs in children
toddlers, because at the age of the children experienced growth. If food consumption is not balanced with the needs of calories, there will be a deficiency the (lack of calories and protein). The disease is divided into
levels, namely:
1.  CTF light, if the child’s weight at between 84% –
95% of body weight according to the Harvard standards.
2. CTF is, if the child’s weight reached only 84% –
60% of body weight according to the Harvard standards.
3. KKP weight (malnutrition), if the child’s weight is less than
60% of body weight according to the Harvard standards. Some experts distinguish only two types of CTF only, namely: light or nutrients CTF andCTF less weight (nutrition bad) or more often called marasmus (kwashiorkor). Child or people with marasmus looks very thin, weight less than 60% of ideal body weight according to age, face wrinkled like an old man, indifferent to the surroundings, hair head smooth, rarely, and the color red. CTF disease
in adults providing clinical signs as following: tissue swelling (edema) or edema honger (HO) or also called underfed disease, starvation or
malnutrition. Edema in patients typically seen in foot area.

The self-conscious criteria nutrition (Kadarzi).

1.  Used to eat a wide variety of foods.

2.  Always monitor the health and growth of members  family (weighing), particularly infants and  pregnant women.

3.  Regular use of iodized salt

4.  Providing support to mothers giving birth in order to give just in infants breast milk until 4 months of age.

5. Usual breakfast.  Family kadarzi say, if you can implement all
behavior. If one has not implemented behavior, then the family has not kadarzi.

The things that need to be addressed so that ordinary families eat
wide range of foods are:

1.  Understanding the diversity of foods: Eat 2-3 times a day
which consists of 4 kinds of food groups. From each group and type of food consumed, the the more the better type. The 4 groups of materials
these foods are:
a.  Staple food, as a source of energy substances: rice, corn,
yams, cassava, noodles, and others.
b. Side dishes, as a source of building materials: fish, eggs,
chicken, meat, tempeh, beans, tofu, etc..
c. Vegetables and fruits, as a source of regulatory substances:
spinach, kale, carrots, green beans, long beans, mustard greens,
cassava leaves, leaf katuk, papaya, bananas, oranges,
watermelon, pineapple and others.

2. Benefits of eating a variety of foods, namely: To complementary nutrients needed by the body in order to doing the job every day and avoid disease malnutrition.

3. As a result of not eating a variety of foods, namely: the body will
suffer from lack of certain nutrients and more easily
disease, especially in infants will cause
growth and disturbed intelligence.

4. Actions that need to be done if the family had not eaten variety of foods, namely:
a. Explain the importance of eating a variety of foods
on health, growth and intelligence.
b. Utilizing the yard around the house with growing crops, raising chickens, ducks, fish and other to be eaten by family members and the grounds
also be sold to supplement family income.
c.  Seek assistance from the agricultural sector, for pursue the use of agricultural land are mutual together for families who do not have a yard.
d.  Instruct the mother to cook with a variety of menu
favored by members of the family. Enjoy a variety of
food is available.

As described earlier, that among the group age-prone diseases malnutrition
is a group of infants and toddlers. Therefore, indicators the best to measure the nutritional status of communities is through the nutritional status of infants (infants and young children). Has been produced many different nutritional status of these measurements, and each expert has his own arguments in develop measurements.

Below will be described 4 different ways of measurement often
used in the field of community nutrition and their classification:

1.  Weight per age
Based on the classification of Harvard University, the state of nutrition
children are classified into 4 levels, namely:
Good nutrition when weight infants / children under age
more than 80% Harvard standard
Nutrition less weight if the infant / child according to age
was between 60% -80% of Harvard standard
Malnutrition weight when infants and children according to age
60% or less of the standard Harvard

2.  Height per age
Measurement of nutritional status of infants and young children based on the high weight according to age, also uses a standard modification
Harvard, its classification is as follows:
- good nutrition if the length / height infant / child according
age more than 80% Harvard standard.
- Nutrition less if the length / height infant / child according
age was between 70.1% – 80% of the standard
Harvard. . 196
- Malnutrition if length / height infant / child according
age 70% or less of the Harvard standard.

3.  Body weight by height
Measurement by weight is obtained height by combining weight and height per – age by Harvard standards. Classification of measurement results
weight according to height is as follows:
- Good nutrition when weight babies / children under panjangtingginya
more than 90% of Harvard standard.
- Nutrition less severe if the infant / child according panjangtingginya
was between 70.1% – 90% of the standard
Hravard.
- Malnutrition if weight infants / children under panjangtingginya
70% or less of the Harvard standard.
4. Circumference upper arm (LLA) according to age
Classification of nutritional status measurements infants and children based
upper arm circumference measurements using the classification
as follows:
- Good nutrition, if the LLA infant / child according to age more than
85% standard Wolanski.
- Nutrition less, if the LLA infant / child according to age are
between 70.1% – 85% standard Wolanski.
- Malnutrition , if LLA infants / children under age 70%
or less than standard Wolanski.

5.  Body Mass Index
To find out if our weight is ideal.
Overweight or too thin; we can use
calculation of body mass index (Body Mass Index / BMI) .
Health experts advise people who are excessive weight, but do not have health risk factors dangerous (such as high cholesterol or high daraj pressure) for start doing physical activity, such as more sports banyakl to
prevent weight gain.

People with a surplus weight and with risk factors, such as cholesterol and
high blood pressure, need to actively lose weight, with mengontol diet and exercise. There are good programs the first consultation with a physician or the experts health.

Setting a good diet can not only healthy body, but also can prolong life expectancy. Various studies showed a reduction of risk of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis and even Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

Conversely, the wrong diet can be the main impetus of the terrible disease above. In simple, it is best with a balanced diet, four healthy five perfect.
When we do not eat nutritious food or drink, we can experience bone loss (vitamin deficiency), bleeding gums (lack of vitamin C) or even a disruption
transporting oxygen in the blood to every cell (iron deficiency).

So when we talk about nutrition or nutrition, we talked about why we eat what we eat, and
how foods affect the body and health us. Healthy foods that when eaten regularly will prevents / delay as long as possible the various diseases
degenerative processes due to aging bodies.